4th and 5th State of Matter.
4th State of Matter, Plasma.Plasma is a form of ionized gas that can exist at temperatures starting at several thousand degrees celcius. Examples of plasma are the charged air by lightning and a star, such as the Sun.
What makes the plasma electrically conductive responds strongly to the electromagnetic fields is the presence of a non-negligible number of charge carriers. Plasma is considered to be a distinct state of matter as it has properties unlike those of solids, liquids, and gases and its usually considered as a different phrase or state of matter.
Plasma lamp.
Plasma takes the form of neutral gas-like clouds as seen in a case of stars. Its like gas that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless kept in a container. Its also unlike gas as the influence of a magnetic field may form structures such as the filaments, beams and double layers.
Plasma was first known in a Crookes tube and was later described by Sir William Crookes in 1879 who named it 'radiant matter'. Irving Langmuir last dubbed it 'plasma' in 1928. People use the name plasma to describe this region containing balanced charges of ions and electrons.
5th State of Matter, Bose-Einstein condensate.Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a form of dilute gas which is also a state of matter. Its even colder than a solid. It has weak interacting bosons restricted in an external potential and it can be cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero.
When this happens, the lowest quantum state of the external potential is occupied by a large fraction of bosons and it will cause all the wave functions to overlap each other, at which point quantum effects become visible on a macroscopic scale.
In 1924, Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein first predicted the "Bose-Einstein condensate," sometimes referred as the fifth state of matter.The Bose-Einstein remained an unverified theoretical prediction for many years as told in the gas phrase. Finally in 1995, Wolfgang Ketterle and his team of graduate students produceda condensate experimentally.
Over-all Reflections.
I didnt know that there's actually 4th and 5th state of matter, I thought there's only the three states of matter, solids, liquids and gases. After all the researches that I have found out about the 4th state of matter, Plasma, I then realised that there's actually plasma in lighting and some other natural resources out there. Plasma is good as it is a renewable source of energy but its temperature can be up to several thousands degrees celcius which is quite hard to get the energy. I have also thought that plasma is a type of liquid but after all this information that I have found, its actually a type of gas, and so do the Bose-Einstein condensate.
Its amazing that Bose-Einstein condensate is actually also a gas but a dilute one, and what's more amazing is that its temperature and so close to absolute zero. I have wondered why was it named, Bose-Einstein condensate, in the beginning I thought that its somehow related to Albert Einstein and its really related to him and also to Satyendra Nath Bose. Then now I think that it is named after Satyendra Nath Bose, the " Bose part " and Albert Einstein, the " Einstein part " but do not know about the condensate comes from where. I find that its so interesting to know that there's another 2 states of matter in science.
Done by Pamela.
Isotope
Isotopes are different kinds of atoms of the same chemical element. Each element has a different atomic mass (mass number).Isotopes have nuclei with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. So isotopes with the same element have mass numbers.
For examples:
Carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are isotopes of the element carbon with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14. Carbon has 6 atomic number so each of its isotopes has 6 protons. The neutron numbers in these isotopes are therefore 12-6 = 6, 13-6 = 7, and 14-6 = 8 respectively.
A nuclide is the class of atomic nuclei with a specified number of protons and neutrons. Collectively, all the isotopes of all the elements plus the neutron form the set of nuclides. Isotope emphasizes that two or more nuclides have the same proton number and therefore are of the same chemical element.
Example: the element carbon has several isotopes (carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14).
Chemical properties are changed little by a change in the number of neutrons. Nuclide
emphasizes nuclear properties, which can change drastically with change in either number of protons, number of neutrons, or excitation state. Since isotope is the older term, it is better known, and the word is still sometimes used even in nuclear technology and where nuclide would be more proper.
An isotope or nuclide is specified by the name of the particular element, implicitly giving the atomic number, followed by a hyphen and the mass number . In symbolic form, the number of nucleons is denoted as a superscripted prefix to the chemical symbol. About 339 nuclides occur naturally on Earth, of which 256 are average.
♥Thoughtz!Pamela: I did not know that elements have isotope in it. Its quite difficult to understand what it meant by element with isotope in it. I also did not know that chemical properties are actually changed little by the change in the number of neutrons. At the beginning I have been wondering what it isotope, now I knew what it is already.Crystal: LOL! I don't understand at all. It is so confusing and difficult to understand the concept. Isotope is a proton? I think I have to check from the internet to learn more and books from the library...
Anaerobic Respiration
In biology, anaerobic respiration is a way for an organism to produce usable energy carriers without the involvement of oxygen. It is respiration without oxygen. It produces less energy than aerobic respiration because food is not completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water with the release of all it's stored energy. Respiration is a chemical reaction that processes energy in a form usable by an organism, chiefly the process of producing ATP(adenosine tri-phosphate), the "universal energy currency of life."It employs an electron transport chain, with inorganic molecules other than oxygen used as a final electron acceptor.
Example:
- Glucose (Broken down to)→Energy (ATP) + Ethanol + Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Glucose (Broken down to) →Energy (ATP) + Lactic acid
The process of anaerobic respiration is relatively less energy yielding as compared to the aerobic respiration process. During the alcoholic fermentation or the anaerobic respiration two molecules of ATP (energy) are produced, every molecule of glucose used in the reaction. Similarly for the lactate fermentation 2 molecules of ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose used. Thus anaerobic respiration breaks down one glucose molecule to obtain two units of the energy storing ATP molecules.
What are the uses of anaerobic respiration?
- In plants, yeasts, and bacteria, anaerobic respiration results in the production of alcohol and carbon dioxide, a process that is exploited by both the brewing and the baking industries.
- To survive in some habitats, such as the muddy bottom of a polluted river, an organism must be to a large extent independent of oxygen such habitats are said to be anoxic.
- During intense physical activity, muscles use anaerobic respiration, which produces lactic acid. Lactic acid buildup is the reason muscles become weak during exertion and sore afterwards.
- Anaerobic respiration is a less efficient way of cellular energy production, producing only two molecules of ATP to the 40 produced in aerobic respiration.
♥Thoughtz...
Pamela:
Wow! I did not know that organisms produce usable energy carriers without the involvement of oxygen with the process anaerobic respiration. After this research on anaerobic respiration, I had learnt a lot about it. Although it is a little bit complicated but it is also a interesting topic to research on.
Crystal:
I learnt that the uses of anerobic respiration helps us in our daily life. Anaerobic respiration uses less energy than anerobic respiration. But 1 question I not sure is that plants carried out both aerobic and anaerobic respiration at the same time? O.o
Tzu Hsuen:
The above diagram shows me the process of anaerobic respiration but it does not show me very clearly. So I got a little bit blur... I want to ask if the uses in anaerobic respiration is the same as aerobic respiration? =)
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was born in February 11, 1847 and passed away on October 18,1931. He was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly affect life around the world. The examples are, he invented the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical light bulb....
Edison was considered as one of the prolific inventors in history, holding 1,093 U.S patents in his name, same as the patents in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. He was rewarded with many inventions that helped to mass communication and in particular, telecommunications. His advanced work in these fields was growing out of his early career as a telegraph operator. He arised the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses and factories. His very first power plant was on Manhattan Island, New York....
Edison was born in Milan, Ohio and grew up in Port Huron, Michigan. He was his parents, Samuel Edison and Nancy Matthews Eliott's seventh and last child. He developed hearing problem at an early age. The cause of him being deaf was because of scarlet fever during his childhood and causing untreated middle ear infections....
After Edison had saved a three-year old JImmie Mackenzie from being struck by a runaway train, Jimmie's father was grateful that he trained Edison as a telegraph operator. In 1866, at the age of 19, Thomas Edison moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where as employee of Western Union worked the Associated Press Bureau news wire. Edison requested the night shift which allowed him plenty of time to spend at his reading and experimenting....
During those early years, one of his mentors was a fellow telegrapher and inventor named, Franklin Leonard Pope, who allowed the impoverished youth to live and work in the basement of his Elizabeth, New Jersey home. A stock ticker and some other inventions were Edison's earliest inventions were related to telegrapghy. His first patent was for the electric vote recorder, which was granted on June 1, 1869....
Thomas Edison started off as an inventor in Newark, New Jersey with the automatic repeater and his other improved telegraphic devices, but the invention which first got him fame was the phonography in 1877. This accomplishment was so unexpected by the public at large as to appear almost magicallly. Later Edison became known as " The Wizard of Menio Park, " New Jersey, where he lived. The sound quality of his first phonograph recorded on tinfoil around a grooved cylinder....
Thoughtz....Pamela : I felt that Thomas Edison was a person that does not wants to lose to other people but he was also a very determined person that will strive to achieve his goals. He likes reading and doing experiments even if he was working in the night shift. He is someone that deserves us to learn from...Crystal :
Ya I agree that he deserves us to learn from. But one thing i disagrees is that he should not use the time at work to do other things. He should use the time when he is not working but not when he is working...Tzu Hsuen :
His spirit will never disappear as long as he work hard and do not give up. I think that he is also quite a proud person that does not want to lose to anyone.
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born into a Jewish family in Ulm on March 14 1879. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass-energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2...
Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 for Physics, for his services to Theoretical Physics, especially for his discovery of the law of photoelectric effect... He had published more than 300 scientific works and more than 150 non-scientific works.
In 1999, he was known as the " Person of the Century "...
His name was named by the Time magazine...
His mother, Pauline Einstein forced him to take up violin lessons and so he took up violin lessons at the age of six.... Although he disliked them and eventually quit, he later took great pleasure in Mozart's violin sonatas. He had as talent for mathematics after building models and mechanical devices....
His father, Hermann Einstein wanted him to pursue electrical engineering but Einstein was clashed with authorities and resnted the school regimen. Lacking a school certificate, he was required to take an entrance examination which he did not pass, although he got exceptional marks in mathematics and physics.....
His family later sent Albert to Aarau, Switzerland to finish secondary school. He stayed with the famiy of Professor Jost Winteler. While staying in their house, he fell in love with the family's daughter, Marie....
At the age of 17, he graduated and with his father's approval, he renounced his citizenship in the German Kingdom of Wurttemberg to avoid military service to enroll in 1896 in the mathematics and physics program at the Polytechnic in Zurich. While Marie Winteler moved to Olsberg, Switzerland for a teaching post....
In the same year, Einstein's future wife, Mileva Marie also entered the Polytechnic to study mathematics and physics, being the only woman in the group....
After next few years, Einstein and Marie's friendship developed into romance. He graduated in 1900 from the Polytechnic with a diploma in mathematics and physics, whereas Marie failed her final exams. The same year Einstein's friend, Michele Besso introduced him to the work of Ernst Mach. One year later, Einstein published a paper in the prestigious Annalen der Physik on the capillary forces of a straw in 1901. He gained Swiss citizenship on 21 February 1901.
♥Thoughtz....
Pamela :
I think that Einstein's parents should not forced him to do something he does not wants to do. In order not to upset his parents, he tried to follow their instructions. Although he did not pass the entrance examination but he tried harder the next time and at the end graduated. He was so so so good in mathematics and physics, he even got a diploma. I really envy him and hope i can be like him good in mathematics and physics and also the other subjects like science.
Crystal :
Although Albert's mother force him to take up violin but his dreams of becoming a scientist has never be demolished. He worked hard and never give up of becoming a scientist.
Tzu Hsuen :
Albert was a person that does not give up easily but instead he tried his very best to pass his exams. He also invented many scientific works that helped people in the future generation, for them to work things out easily.
Marie Curie
Today’s post is about Marie Curie who is one of the most famous scientists. She was born in Poland on November, 1867 and died in 1934 when she was 67 years old. She discovered radium and other key elements to help us out everyday, especially when getting an x-ray. She has four siblings. Her sister and her mother died due to diseases.
Marie graduated at the age of 15, she hoped to get an advance degree. In 1893, she finished first in her master’s degree physics course. Having little money stood in the way of her math degree, however, Senior French recognized her abilities and were able to help her by awarding a scholarship.
In Paris, Marie met her future husband and collaborator, Pierre Curie. Pierre Curie was born in 1859 and died in 1906 when he was 47 years old. He was a lab chief of the Paris Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry. He discovered with his brother, Jacques, the phenomenon of piezoelectricity-in which a solid has atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered can become electrically polarized. He also invented the quartz balance. Marie and Pierre married and gave birth to two daughters...
They worked together and combined to receive the Nobel Prize in 1903 for their research in radium…
But unexpected things happened, Marie and Pierre were met with a car accident. Marie survived but unfortunately, her husband died on April 19, 1906. After the accident, she took over her husband’s classes and continued her own research. Marie worked hard and won the Nobel Prize again in 1911…
Although Marie worked diligently but her health deteriorated quickly. In 1934, at the age of 67, she died from cancer…
Marie leaded an exciting life receiving 15 gold medals awards, 19 degrees and many other honors. Marie Curie has opened a lot of doors for the young women today…
Thoughtz...
Pamela :
I think that Marie Curie was a persistent person that will not give up halfway. I also think that she was having quite a difficult life. She had made a big difference to the young woman today. I was shocked to know that she actually received 15 gold medals awards, 19 degrees and more other honors. She discovered radium and other key elements to help us with other daily life and that shaped her into a better scientist that won many Nobel Prize .
Crystal :
Although Marie Curie lost many of her kins but she still determined to continue to work hard in order not to disappoint them.
Tzu Hsuen :
Even if her family was not with her supporting her, she still thinks that they will always be there supporting her. She is a very brave woman.
4th and 5th State of Matter.
4th State of Matter, Plasma.Plasma is a form of ionized gas that can exist at temperatures starting at several thousand degrees celcius. Examples of plasma are the charged air by lightning and a star, such as the Sun.
What makes the plasma electrically conductive responds strongly to the electromagnetic fields is the presence of a non-negligible number of charge carriers. Plasma is considered to be a distinct state of matter as it has properties unlike those of solids, liquids, and gases and its usually considered as a different phrase or state of matter.
Plasma lamp.
Plasma takes the form of neutral gas-like clouds as seen in a case of stars. Its like gas that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless kept in a container. Its also unlike gas as the influence of a magnetic field may form structures such as the filaments, beams and double layers.
Plasma was first known in a Crookes tube and was later described by Sir William Crookes in 1879 who named it 'radiant matter'. Irving Langmuir last dubbed it 'plasma' in 1928. People use the name plasma to describe this region containing balanced charges of ions and electrons.
5th State of Matter, Bose-Einstein condensate.Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a form of dilute gas which is also a state of matter. Its even colder than a solid. It has weak interacting bosons restricted in an external potential and it can be cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero.
When this happens, the lowest quantum state of the external potential is occupied by a large fraction of bosons and it will cause all the wave functions to overlap each other, at which point quantum effects become visible on a macroscopic scale.
In 1924, Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein first predicted the "Bose-Einstein condensate," sometimes referred as the fifth state of matter.The Bose-Einstein remained an unverified theoretical prediction for many years as told in the gas phrase. Finally in 1995, Wolfgang Ketterle and his team of graduate students produceda condensate experimentally.
Over-all Reflections.
I didnt know that there's actually 4th and 5th state of matter, I thought there's only the three states of matter, solids, liquids and gases. After all the researches that I have found out about the 4th state of matter, Plasma, I then realised that there's actually plasma in lighting and some other natural resources out there. Plasma is good as it is a renewable source of energy but its temperature can be up to several thousands degrees celcius which is quite hard to get the energy. I have also thought that plasma is a type of liquid but after all this information that I have found, its actually a type of gas, and so do the Bose-Einstein condensate.
Its amazing that Bose-Einstein condensate is actually also a gas but a dilute one, and what's more amazing is that its temperature and so close to absolute zero. I have wondered why was it named, Bose-Einstein condensate, in the beginning I thought that its somehow related to Albert Einstein and its really related to him and also to Satyendra Nath Bose. Then now I think that it is named after Satyendra Nath Bose, the " Bose part " and Albert Einstein, the " Einstein part " but do not know about the condensate comes from where. I find that its so interesting to know that there's another 2 states of matter in science.
Done by Pamela.
Isotope
Isotopes are different kinds of atoms of the same chemical element. Each element has a different atomic mass (mass number).Isotopes have nuclei with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. So isotopes with the same element have mass numbers.
For examples:
Carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are isotopes of the element carbon with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14. Carbon has 6 atomic number so each of its isotopes has 6 protons. The neutron numbers in these isotopes are therefore 12-6 = 6, 13-6 = 7, and 14-6 = 8 respectively.
A nuclide is the class of atomic nuclei with a specified number of protons and neutrons. Collectively, all the isotopes of all the elements plus the neutron form the set of nuclides. Isotope emphasizes that two or more nuclides have the same proton number and therefore are of the same chemical element.
Example: the element carbon has several isotopes (carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14).
Chemical properties are changed little by a change in the number of neutrons. Nuclide
emphasizes nuclear properties, which can change drastically with change in either number of protons, number of neutrons, or excitation state. Since isotope is the older term, it is better known, and the word is still sometimes used even in nuclear technology and where nuclide would be more proper.
An isotope or nuclide is specified by the name of the particular element, implicitly giving the atomic number, followed by a hyphen and the mass number . In symbolic form, the number of nucleons is denoted as a superscripted prefix to the chemical symbol. About 339 nuclides occur naturally on Earth, of which 256 are average.
♥Thoughtz!Pamela: I did not know that elements have isotope in it. Its quite difficult to understand what it meant by element with isotope in it. I also did not know that chemical properties are actually changed little by the change in the number of neutrons. At the beginning I have been wondering what it isotope, now I knew what it is already.Crystal: LOL! I don't understand at all. It is so confusing and difficult to understand the concept. Isotope is a proton? I think I have to check from the internet to learn more and books from the library...
Anaerobic Respiration
In biology, anaerobic respiration is a way for an organism to produce usable energy carriers without the involvement of oxygen. It is respiration without oxygen. It produces less energy than aerobic respiration because food is not completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water with the release of all it's stored energy. Respiration is a chemical reaction that processes energy in a form usable by an organism, chiefly the process of producing ATP(adenosine tri-phosphate), the "universal energy currency of life."It employs an electron transport chain, with inorganic molecules other than oxygen used as a final electron acceptor.
Example:
- Glucose (Broken down to)→Energy (ATP) + Ethanol + Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Glucose (Broken down to) →Energy (ATP) + Lactic acid
The process of anaerobic respiration is relatively less energy yielding as compared to the aerobic respiration process. During the alcoholic fermentation or the anaerobic respiration two molecules of ATP (energy) are produced, every molecule of glucose used in the reaction. Similarly for the lactate fermentation 2 molecules of ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose used. Thus anaerobic respiration breaks down one glucose molecule to obtain two units of the energy storing ATP molecules.
What are the uses of anaerobic respiration?
- In plants, yeasts, and bacteria, anaerobic respiration results in the production of alcohol and carbon dioxide, a process that is exploited by both the brewing and the baking industries.
- To survive in some habitats, such as the muddy bottom of a polluted river, an organism must be to a large extent independent of oxygen such habitats are said to be anoxic.
- During intense physical activity, muscles use anaerobic respiration, which produces lactic acid. Lactic acid buildup is the reason muscles become weak during exertion and sore afterwards.
- Anaerobic respiration is a less efficient way of cellular energy production, producing only two molecules of ATP to the 40 produced in aerobic respiration.
♥Thoughtz...
Pamela:
Wow! I did not know that organisms produce usable energy carriers without the involvement of oxygen with the process anaerobic respiration. After this research on anaerobic respiration, I had learnt a lot about it. Although it is a little bit complicated but it is also a interesting topic to research on.
Crystal:
I learnt that the uses of anerobic respiration helps us in our daily life. Anaerobic respiration uses less energy than anerobic respiration. But 1 question I not sure is that plants carried out both aerobic and anaerobic respiration at the same time? O.o
Tzu Hsuen:
The above diagram shows me the process of anaerobic respiration but it does not show me very clearly. So I got a little bit blur... I want to ask if the uses in anaerobic respiration is the same as aerobic respiration? =)
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was born in February 11, 1847 and passed away on October 18,1931. He was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly affect life around the world. The examples are, he invented the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical light bulb....
Edison was considered as one of the prolific inventors in history, holding 1,093 U.S patents in his name, same as the patents in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. He was rewarded with many inventions that helped to mass communication and in particular, telecommunications. His advanced work in these fields was growing out of his early career as a telegraph operator. He arised the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses and factories. His very first power plant was on Manhattan Island, New York....
Edison was born in Milan, Ohio and grew up in Port Huron, Michigan. He was his parents, Samuel Edison and Nancy Matthews Eliott's seventh and last child. He developed hearing problem at an early age. The cause of him being deaf was because of scarlet fever during his childhood and causing untreated middle ear infections....
After Edison had saved a three-year old JImmie Mackenzie from being struck by a runaway train, Jimmie's father was grateful that he trained Edison as a telegraph operator. In 1866, at the age of 19, Thomas Edison moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where as employee of Western Union worked the Associated Press Bureau news wire. Edison requested the night shift which allowed him plenty of time to spend at his reading and experimenting....
During those early years, one of his mentors was a fellow telegrapher and inventor named, Franklin Leonard Pope, who allowed the impoverished youth to live and work in the basement of his Elizabeth, New Jersey home. A stock ticker and some other inventions were Edison's earliest inventions were related to telegrapghy. His first patent was for the electric vote recorder, which was granted on June 1, 1869....
Thomas Edison started off as an inventor in Newark, New Jersey with the automatic repeater and his other improved telegraphic devices, but the invention which first got him fame was the phonography in 1877. This accomplishment was so unexpected by the public at large as to appear almost magicallly. Later Edison became known as " The Wizard of Menio Park, " New Jersey, where he lived. The sound quality of his first phonograph recorded on tinfoil around a grooved cylinder....
Thoughtz....Pamela : I felt that Thomas Edison was a person that does not wants to lose to other people but he was also a very determined person that will strive to achieve his goals. He likes reading and doing experiments even if he was working in the night shift. He is someone that deserves us to learn from...Crystal :
Ya I agree that he deserves us to learn from. But one thing i disagrees is that he should not use the time at work to do other things. He should use the time when he is not working but not when he is working...Tzu Hsuen :
His spirit will never disappear as long as he work hard and do not give up. I think that he is also quite a proud person that does not want to lose to anyone.
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born into a Jewish family in Ulm on March 14 1879. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass-energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2...
Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 for Physics, for his services to Theoretical Physics, especially for his discovery of the law of photoelectric effect... He had published more than 300 scientific works and more than 150 non-scientific works.
In 1999, he was known as the " Person of the Century "...
His name was named by the Time magazine...
His mother, Pauline Einstein forced him to take up violin lessons and so he took up violin lessons at the age of six.... Although he disliked them and eventually quit, he later took great pleasure in Mozart's violin sonatas. He had as talent for mathematics after building models and mechanical devices....
His father, Hermann Einstein wanted him to pursue electrical engineering but Einstein was clashed with authorities and resnted the school regimen. Lacking a school certificate, he was required to take an entrance examination which he did not pass, although he got exceptional marks in mathematics and physics.....
His family later sent Albert to Aarau, Switzerland to finish secondary school. He stayed with the famiy of Professor Jost Winteler. While staying in their house, he fell in love with the family's daughter, Marie....
At the age of 17, he graduated and with his father's approval, he renounced his citizenship in the German Kingdom of Wurttemberg to avoid military service to enroll in 1896 in the mathematics and physics program at the Polytechnic in Zurich. While Marie Winteler moved to Olsberg, Switzerland for a teaching post....
In the same year, Einstein's future wife, Mileva Marie also entered the Polytechnic to study mathematics and physics, being the only woman in the group....
After next few years, Einstein and Marie's friendship developed into romance. He graduated in 1900 from the Polytechnic with a diploma in mathematics and physics, whereas Marie failed her final exams. The same year Einstein's friend, Michele Besso introduced him to the work of Ernst Mach. One year later, Einstein published a paper in the prestigious Annalen der Physik on the capillary forces of a straw in 1901. He gained Swiss citizenship on 21 February 1901.
♥Thoughtz....
Pamela :
I think that Einstein's parents should not forced him to do something he does not wants to do. In order not to upset his parents, he tried to follow their instructions. Although he did not pass the entrance examination but he tried harder the next time and at the end graduated. He was so so so good in mathematics and physics, he even got a diploma. I really envy him and hope i can be like him good in mathematics and physics and also the other subjects like science.
Crystal :
Although Albert's mother force him to take up violin but his dreams of becoming a scientist has never be demolished. He worked hard and never give up of becoming a scientist.
Tzu Hsuen :
Albert was a person that does not give up easily but instead he tried his very best to pass his exams. He also invented many scientific works that helped people in the future generation, for them to work things out easily.
Marie Curie
Today’s post is about Marie Curie who is one of the most famous scientists. She was born in Poland on November, 1867 and died in 1934 when she was 67 years old. She discovered radium and other key elements to help us out everyday, especially when getting an x-ray. She has four siblings. Her sister and her mother died due to diseases.
Marie graduated at the age of 15, she hoped to get an advance degree. In 1893, she finished first in her master’s degree physics course. Having little money stood in the way of her math degree, however, Senior French recognized her abilities and were able to help her by awarding a scholarship.
In Paris, Marie met her future husband and collaborator, Pierre Curie. Pierre Curie was born in 1859 and died in 1906 when he was 47 years old. He was a lab chief of the Paris Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry. He discovered with his brother, Jacques, the phenomenon of piezoelectricity-in which a solid has atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered can become electrically polarized. He also invented the quartz balance. Marie and Pierre married and gave birth to two daughters...
They worked together and combined to receive the Nobel Prize in 1903 for their research in radium…
But unexpected things happened, Marie and Pierre were met with a car accident. Marie survived but unfortunately, her husband died on April 19, 1906. After the accident, she took over her husband’s classes and continued her own research. Marie worked hard and won the Nobel Prize again in 1911…
Although Marie worked diligently but her health deteriorated quickly. In 1934, at the age of 67, she died from cancer…
Marie leaded an exciting life receiving 15 gold medals awards, 19 degrees and many other honors. Marie Curie has opened a lot of doors for the young women today…
Thoughtz...
Pamela :
I think that Marie Curie was a persistent person that will not give up halfway. I also think that she was having quite a difficult life. She had made a big difference to the young woman today. I was shocked to know that she actually received 15 gold medals awards, 19 degrees and more other honors. She discovered radium and other key elements to help us with other daily life and that shaped her into a better scientist that won many Nobel Prize .
Crystal :
Although Marie Curie lost many of her kins but she still determined to continue to work hard in order not to disappoint them.
Tzu Hsuen :
Even if her family was not with her supporting her, she still thinks that they will always be there supporting her. She is a very brave woman.
Isotopes are different kinds of atoms of the same chemical element. Each element has a different atomic mass (mass number).Isotopes have nuclei with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. So isotopes with the same element have mass numbers.
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